In addition to denars, shekels, half-pennies, pennies, troyaks, sixpences and ducats, during the reign of Sigismund Augustus new kinds of money appeared: obols, two-pennies, two-groats, quadrupeds (4 pennies), half-pennies (30 pennies). The division between Crown and Lithuanian minting was in effect all the time: 4 Lithuanian pennies were equal to 5 Polish pennies. In addition, countersigned silver ducats and Spanish half-ducats appeared in monetary circulation, which was connected with the repayment of a debt by the Spanish ruler Philip II - the so-called "Neapolitan sums." During the reign of Sigismund Augustus, only the mints in Vilnius - where coins for the Lithuanian foot and the Polish foot were minted - and Gdansk worked. Sigismund Augustus' minting also included issues of a makeshift mint launched in August 1572 at Dalholm Castle, minting incomplete coins belonging to the Livonian monetary system. This was a one-time action to pay soldiers stationed in Parnava. Strictly speaking, these issues should be counted as part of the interregnum period (Sigismund Augustus died on July 7).
In 1545-1560 and 1563, the Vilna mint issued large quantities of Lithuanian denars. Despite such abundant minting production, some vintages are rare today. These are nondenominational coins, having an eagle on the obverse and a Pagan on the reverse. They were minted on the Lithuanian foot from sterling silver of 3 ½ glowstones. City denarii were issued during the period in question in Gdańsk (Prussian eagle/Gdansk coat of arms, date on the sides), Elbląg (Prussian eagle/Elbląg coat of arms, date on the sides) and Wschowa. The latter are among great rarities. Only the 1550 and 1551 vintages are known from photographs. Other vintages - from 1552 to 1561 - are known only from literature. Wschowa denarii on the obverse have an eagle to the right with a ring in its beak, and on the reverse is a shield with the coat of arms of Wschowa, the inscription above the coat of arms "CWF", or Civitas Wschova Factum, and the date on the sides of the coat of arms. The city's denarii were minted from sterling silver of 1 ½ glowstones.
